The ADP Research Institute® used anonymous, employee-level yearly panel data from a set of employers spanning 2014 to 2016. In total, the data used for this study consisted of nearly 300 U.S.-based organizations in each year, employing roughly 700,000 employees each year. Although the set of organizations is not identical year-to-year, companies that remain ADP® clients and remain above the minimum size threshold remain in the sample, and there is great consistency year-to-year. Each organization used in this study had 800 or more employees in each year it was included. For this study, the ADP Research Institute® focused on nonunion, full-time employees.